Labor Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Work Law - Assignment Example The center of OSHA is its duty regarding contamination (Peterson and Cohen, 1996). Its auditors lead assessments and examinations to decide the consistence status with security and wellbeing guidelines and measures. On the off chance that a work refer to is distinguished with resistance, at that point the business faces a punishment. Following its beginning, OSHA has been a focal point of debates, with organizations grumbling of excessively unbending, bureaucratic, and difficult to appreciate guidelines, making consistence troublesome. As per Lombard and Pynes, 2011, the Human asset Department plays a significant obligation in guaranteeing representative wellbeing and wellbeing as they comprehend the work environment and the worker requests. They should know how and when to utilize existing assets to make a move to worker concerns. They should co-work with social insurance experts by taking an interest in the consistence procedure. The office ought to suggest that the wellbeing organization’s systems and arrangements address zones of extraordinary worry as featured in the OSHA law. A large number of these territories fall in their specialty including dangers, for example, charging of administrations and things not rendered, up coding, offering medicinally unnecessary types of assistance, unbundling, and outpatient administrations offered in connection with inpatient remains. To accomplish consistence, HR division should execute strategies and methods which guarantee that charging and coding depend on opportune and exact clinical records, and that there is a procedure for detailing genuine infringement by wellbeing specialists with the goal that any purposeful life dangers can be very much followed (Peterson and Cohen, 1996). The division ought to likewise teach the representatives on their privileges to convey so that there is a decrease of any expected maltreatment, waste, and extortion. The correspondence culture can be supported by: declaring to laborers that they report occurrences of extortion through organization arrangements tending to namelessness, privacy, and non-counter, adequately

Cyber Bullying It Is Real And It Really Hurts Essay Example For Students

Digital Bullying : It Is Real And It Really Hurts Essay Digital tormenting: It is Real and it Really Hurts What precisely is digital harassing? â€Å"Cyber tormenting is the point at which a youngster, preteen, or teenager is tormented, compromised, badgering, mortified, humiliated or in any case focused by another kid, preteen or high schooler utilizing the web, intuitive and computerized advancements or portable phones† (â€Å"What†). There are many driving elements that may make youngsters and teenagers go to digital tormenting. Cyberbullying can cause serious enthusiastic medical problems. There are numerous vital signs to search for when attempting to distinguish a casualty of digital tormenting. Individuals are constantly scanning for answers for stop digital harassing. Digital harassing may appear nothing since there is no physical contact, however as a general rule it can sting considerably more than the genuine thing. Throughout recent years researcher have been attempting to locate the main source of digital harassing. Outrage, retribution, or disappointment regularly propels individuals to digital harasser (â€Å"Why†). Many flourish off the response that they get from digital tormenting somebody. â€Å"The eager for power do it to torment others and for their ego† (â€Å"Why†). Geeks or the socially ungainly are the primary focuses of digital domineering jerks. Digital tormenting possibly an approach to search out retribution. There is an inclination for certain children who are casualties of provocation to figure out how to strike back. By digital harassing others, they feel a liberating sensation from what they encountered. Digital tormenting frequently rotates around a person’s societal position at school. Somebody may digital domineering jerk another who exceeds expectations scholastically on the grounds that, they are desirous of the other individual predominant mind. A young lady may digital domineering jerk another young lady essentially over a person that the two of them like. Children, who are exhausted and looking for amusement, will now and then retreat to digital tormenting, to flavor thi. .tion since they fear getting their web benefits removed (Cowie). On the off chance that guardians make sense of that their youngsters are being digital harassed, they should converse with them about what is happening and attempt to make sense of an approach to stop it. Nobody realizes how to determine a circumstance without understanding it completely first. The best activity is help reinforce up their self-assurance with the goal that they can work through the circumstance. Despite the fact that digital tormenting includes no physical reach, it can influence individuals significantly more than the customary type of harassing. Numerous variables assume a job in driving kids and teenagers to digital domineering jerk. The youngster or adolescent’s psychological well-being can be in grave peril on account of digital harassing. Knowing the admonition indications of somebody being digital tormented is significant, with the goal that it very well may be halted. The hunt to stop digital tormenting is ceaseless.

How Multitasking Affects Productivity and Brain Health

How Multitasking Affects Productivity and Brain Health Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Multitasking Affects Productivity and Brain Health By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 24, 2019 Ali Smith / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Productivity Research Practical Applications Effect on Your Brain Negative Consequences Benefits View All Back To Top Multitasking seems like a great way to get a lot done at once. While it might seem like you are accomplishing many things at once, research has shown that our brains are not nearly as good at handling multiple tasks as we like to think we are. In fact, some researchers suggest that multitasking can actually reduce productivity by as much as 40%! What is it that makes multitasking such a productivity killer? It might seem like you are getting multiple things done at the same time, but what you are really doing is quickly shifting your attention and focus from one thing to the next.  Switching from one task to another makes it difficult to tune out distractions and can cause mental blocks that can slow you down. Is All That Multitasking Really Making You More Productive? Take a moment and think about all of the things you are doing right now. Obviously, you are reading this article, but chances are good that you are also doing several things at once. Perhaps youre also listening to music, texting a friend, checking your email in another browser tab, or playing a computer game. If you are doing several different things at once, then you may be what researchers refer to as a heavy multitasker. And you probably think that you are fairly good at this balancing act. According to a number of different studies, however, you are probably not as effective at multitasking as you think you are. In the past, many people believed that multitasking was a good way to increase productivity. After all, if youre working on several different tasks at once, youre bound to accomplish more, right? Recent research, however, has demonstrated that that switching from one task to the next takes a serious toll on productivity. Multitaskers have more trouble tuning out distractions than people who focus on one task at a time. Also, doing so many different things at once can actually impair cognitive ability. What the Research Suggests First, lets start by defining what we mean when we use the term multitasking. It can mean performing two or more tasks simultaneouslyIt can also involve switching back and forth from one thing to anotherMultitasking can also involve performing a number of tasks in rapid succession. In order to determine the impact of multitasking, psychologists asked study participants to switch tasks and then measured how much time was lost by switching. In one study conducted by Robert Rogers and Stephen Monsell, participants were slower when they had to switch tasks than when they repeated the same task. Another study conducted in 2001 by Joshua Rubinstein, Jeffrey Evans and David Meyer found that participants lost significant amounts of time as they switched between multiple tasks and lost even more time as the tasks became increasingly complex. Understanding What the Research Means In the brain, multitasking is managed by mental executive functions. These executive functions control and manage other cognitive processes and determine how, when and in what order certain tasks are performed. According to researchers Meyer, Evans, and Rubinstein, there are two stages to the executive control process. The first stage is known as goal shifting (deciding to do one thing instead of another).The second is known as role activation (changing from the rules for the previous task to rules for the new task). Switching between these may only add a time cost of just a few tenths of a second, but this can start to add up when people begin switching back and forth repeatedly. This might not be that big of a deal in some cases, such as when you are folding laundry and watching television at the same time. However, if you are in a situation where safety or productivity is important, such as when you are driving a car in heavy traffic, even small amounts of time can prove critical. Practical Applications for Multitasking Research Meyer suggests that productivity can be reduced by as much as 40 percent by the mental blocks created when people switch tasks. Now that you understand the potential detrimental impact of multitasking, you can put this knowledge to work to increase your productivity and efficiency. Of course, the situation plays an important role. For example: The costs of switching tasks while texting a friend and watching a football game probably are not going to cause any major problems.However, that fraction of a second it takes to change tasks could mean life or death for someone driving down the interstate while trying to find a good radio station or talking on the phone. The next time you find yourself multitasking when you are trying to be productive, take a quick assessment of the various things you are trying to accomplish. Eliminate distractions and try to focus on one task at a time. Is Multitasking Bad for Your Brain? In todays busy world, multitasking is all too common. Juggling multiple tasks and responsibilities might seem like the best way to get a lot done, but as you have seen, trying to do more than one thing at a time can actually diminish productivity and performance. Focus on one task at a time, many experts suggest, in order to get the job done quickly and correctly. At any given moment you might be texting a friend, switching between multiple windows on your computer, listening to the blare of the television, and talk to a friend on the phone all at once! When we do get a quiet moment where nothing is demanding our attention, we might find ourselves unable to avoid the distraction of our favorite apps or social media sites. So while we know that all this distraction and multitasking is not good for your productivity, is it possible that it might actually be bad for your brain health? What impact does such a constant barrage of stimulation have on developing minds? Multitasking certainly isnt anything new, but the constant streams of information from numerous different sources do represent a relatively new dimension to the multitasking puzzle. Research Suggests Multitasking Impacts the Brain It turns out even people who are considered heavy multitaskers are not actually very good at multitasking. In one 2009 study, Stanford University researcher Clifford Nass found that people who were considered heavy multitaskers were actually worse at sorting out relevant information from irrelevant details. This is particularly surprising because it was assumed that this is something that heavy multitaskers would actually be better at. But that wasnt the only problem these high multitaskers faced. They also showed greater difficulty when it came to switching from one task to another and were much less mentally organized. What was the most frightening about the results, Nass later suggested to NPR, was that these results happened even when these heavy multitaskers were not multitasking. The study revealed that even when these chronic multitaskers were focusing on just a single task, their brains were less effective and efficient. We studied people who were chronic multitaskers, and even when we did not ask them to do anything close to the level of multitasking they were doing, their cognitive processes were impaired. So basically, they are worse at most of the kinds of thinking not only required for multitasking but what we generally think of as involving deep thought, Nass told NPR in a 2009 interview. So is the damage from multitasking permanent, or will putting an end to multitasking undo the damage? Nass suggested that while further investigations are needed, the current evidence suggests that people who stop multitasking will be able to perform better. Experts also suggest that the negative impact of chronic, heavy multitasking might be the most detrimental to adolescent minds. At this age, in particular, teen brains are busy forming important neural connections. Spreading attention so thin and constantly being distracted by different streams of information might have a serious, long-term, negative impact on how these connections form. While this is an area that still requires considerable research, experts believe that teensâ€"those who often engage in media multitasking the most heavilyâ€"may be particularly vulnerable to any negative consequences of multitasking. Minimizing the Negative Consequences So what should you do to avoid the possible deleterious impact of multitasking? According to Nass, limiting the number of things you juggle at any given time to just two tasks.  Alternatively, he recommended what he referred to as the 20-minute rule. Instead of constantly switching back and forth from one task to another, try to fully devote your attention to one task for a 20-minute period before switching to the next task. So, instead of switching back and forth between writing a report for school and doing your math homework, spend 20-minutes on the one assignment before switching to focus your attention on the next. But Multitasking Isnt Always a Bad Thing According to a study by researchers from The Chinese University of Hong Kong, multitasking might not always be all bad. Their work suggests that people who engage in media multitasking, aka using more than one form of media or type of technology at once, might be better at integrating visual and auditory information. In the study published in Psychonomic Bulletin Review, participants between the ages of 19 and 28 years of age were asked to complete questionnaires regarding their media usage. The participants then completed a visual search task both with and without and auditory sound to indicate when the item changed color. Those who were media multitaskers performed better on the visual search when the auditory tone was presented, indicating that they were more adept at integrating the two sources of sensory information. Conversely, these heavy multitaskers performed worse than the light/medium multitaskers when the tone was not present. There has been a considerable amount of research to date on the detrimental impacts of multitasking. People who switch between tasks tend to lose time and have problems staying on task, which has a negative impact on both productivity and performance. While multitasking still has its downsides, this research might indicate that our constant exposure to multiple forms of media might have some benefits. Although the present findings do not demonstrate any causal effect, they highlight an interesting possibility of the effect of media multitasking on certain cognitive abilities, multisensory integration in particular. Media multitasking may not always be a bad thing, the studys authors suggested.

Definition and Meaning of Illiteracy

Illiteracy is the quality or condition of being unable to read or write. Illiteracy is a major problem throughout the world. According to Anne-Marie Trammell, Worldwide, 880 million adults have been labeled as illiterate, and in the United States it is estimated that almost 90 million adults are functionally illiterate, that is to say that they do not have the minimal skills needed to function in society (Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, 2009). In England, says a report from the National Literacy Trust, Around 16 percent, or 5.2 million adults, can be described as functionally illiterate. They would not pass an English GCSE and have literacy levels at or below those expected of an 11-year-old (Literacy: State of the Nation, 2014).   Observations The subculture of illiteracy is larger than anyone on the outside would ever believe. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) conducted a study of illiteracy among adults in the United States in 2003, the results of which were released in December 2005. NAAL found that 43 percent of the total population aged 16 and older, or some 93 million people, ranked at the below-basic or basic level in their reading skills. Fourteen percent of the adult population had below-basic skills in reading and understanding prose texts, a percentage that was unchanged from 1992 when the first NAAL report was released.The gap between the 43 percent at below-basic and basic prose literacy and the 57 percent at intermediate and proficient raises the question: How can those at lower levels compete in a world that demands increasing literacy skills? Not surprisingly, the NAAL study found that among adults with below-basic prose literacy, 51 percent were not in the labor force. (John Corcoran, The Br idge to Literacy. Kaplan, 2009) Illiteracy and the Internet As teenagers’ scores on standardized reading tests have declined or stagnated, some argue that the hours spent prowling the Internet are the enemy of reading, diminishing literacy, wrecking attention spans and destroying a precious common culture that exists only through the reading of books.But others say the Internet has created a new kind of reading, one that schools and society should not discount. The Web inspires a teenager who might otherwise spend most of her leisure time watching television, to read and write. (Motoko Rich, Literacy Debate: Online, R U Really Reading? The New York Times, July 27, 2008) Literacy as  a Continuum of Skills Illiteracy has fallen from one in five people to almost nonexistent over a century and a bit. But illiteracy clearly isn’t a single on-or-off switch. It’s not just you can read and write or you can’t. Literacy is a continuum of skills. Basic education now reaches virtually all Americans. But many among the poorest have the weakest skills in formal English.That combines with another fact: more people are writing than ever before. Even most of the poor today have cell phones and internet. When they text or scribble on Facebook, they’re writing. We easily forget that this is something that farmhands and the urban poor almost never did in centuries past. They lacked the time and means even if they had the education. (Robert Lane Greene, Schotts Vocab Guest Post: Robert Lane Greene on Language Sticklers. The New York Times, March 8, 2011)

Making An Ebook For Ebook Promotion - 914 Words

Writing an eBook is quite a feat in itself, but the project doesn’t end when you press the publish button. In fact, the hard work often starts when the book is finished. Marketing an eBook like a professional can be a rather tricky and time-consuming task. But with the below tips, you can get the job done smoother and have fun in the process. Before you start Before we start examining the key strategies you need to implement for eBook promotion, you need to consider a few things. Essentially, you must decide on the marketing budget you want to use and the specific strategies you want to use. First, you need to decide how much money are you willing to spend on marketing the eBook. Marketing costs can easily vary from $0 to above $1,000. Therefore, you don’t want to rush into your project only to realise later what you’ve spent. Spending more money doesn’t automatically guarantee results; so don’t feel like you have to spend money in order to achieve higher reader numbers. The correct budget depends mostly on what you are able to spend, as well as the strategies you feel are the most effective. The second thing you must figure out before marketing your eBook relates to the strategies. You should identify the routes you prefer to use so that you can create a time plan and set goals for your marketing campaign. We’ll explore these strategies below, but before you start using them, you should create a Plan of Action for each step. A Plan of Action is a simple spreadsheetShow MoreRelatedDesigning A Responsive Web Design Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesusually follows up on the previous requests since the customers can be your current list of buyers. Email marketing can either be executed directly or through transactional email. Direct email involves the submitting emails for the proposes of promotion or communication with the customer. Some of the information that can be marketed directly through email include sales offer, newsletter and information about products or catalog. Transactional emails, on the other hand, are normally sent based onRead MoreSmall Team and Group Paper1305 Words   |  6 Pageshave a clue about how I or my team would become a success in this business, we sat down in my overpriced apartment and decided that failure was no longer an option. This paper is focused on the small team experiences that I have been a part of after making the decision to become a member of the network marketing industry. The team, its communication and leadership behaviors, problems (encountered and overcome) and its effectiveness are discussed. This is in no way an attempt to expose or identifyRead MoreBooks And Paper Books1549 Words   |  7 Pagesversions. Other people might be turned on to the modern way of reading on an E-book. Paper and E-books depend on natural resources, size, prices, and abilities. So, as a reader, what would you buy: the modern or paper books? People never understood how making books kills the environment, and each tree that goes down takes oxygen away from us. Every book a person buys can be recycled, so new books can be made. This takes up less trees by reusing paper. â€Å"A paper book takes up about 2/3 pounds of recycledRead MoreMarketing and Page Ref9872 Words   |  40 PagesTo download more slides, ebook, solutions and test bank, visit http://downloadslide.blogspot.com Chapter 14 Communicating Customer Value: Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy 1) A company s total marketing communications mix consists of a special blend of advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, and direct-marketing tools that the company uses to communicate customer value and build customer relationships. This is also called ________. A) direct marketing B) integratedRead MoreContent Promotion : A Strategic Marketing Strategy Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesthat they have developed an effective content marketing strategy. Are you making good use of content? Do you know where and how to distribute it? All these components of the content promotion strategy will determine its effectiveness. Full understanding of the concept will take your advertising to the next level, drive the right crowd to your content and maximize the campaign’s ROI. Introduction: What is Content Promotion? This strategic marketing approach focuses on the consistent creation ofRead MoreAdobe Case1856 Words   |  8 Pagesfont could be used on any PostScript output device. And PostScript also significantly increased the ability to manipulate fonts, allowing for scaling and rotating. And Adobe invested a large amount in creating its own library of PostScript fonts, making the number of PostScript fonts in the Adobe collection increased from 35 in 1985 to 2000 in 1994. 2.How did Adobe make money from Postscript, despite its being an open standard? Adobe did this mainly through two ways: ownership and leveraging.Read MoreSupermarket2217 Words   |  9 Pageseffect. While the eBooks business sector keeps on seeing development, it is advancing as we had expected and still speaks to just a generally little extent of aggregate customer book deals in the UK. Inside of centre customer books, eBooks is centre around Fiction, which speaks to by far most of eBook downloads. Our centre physical books market is lighter, less prosperous book buyers with around 75  per  cent of our book sales in Non-Fiction and Kids. We  therefore keep on considering eBooks to be an incrementalRead MoreBlog Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesConverting for You Blog Promotion Mistake #6 - Conversions dont have to happen on the blog at all costs Just because you sell services on your website, and you use your blog to promote them, doesnt mean prospects will order after reading your blog. Sure, it might happen, but theres no guarantee your blog will be the place that will convert them into customers 90% of the time. So, while promoting your blog posts is the way to go, neglecting your sales pages and products (ebooks, guides, newsletterRead MoreMarketing Analysis and Strategy Essay7735 Words   |  31 Pagesto be particularly careful to keep current on copyright law changes. CanGo will need to ensure the material is being properly licensed and protected from being illegally copied.   Some of CanGo’s major competitors include Amazon, CDNow, GameTap and eBooks. Generation Xers are CanGo’s primary customers. However, CanGo is also seeing some crossover from the Generation Y and Baby Boomer groups as well. The VALS (values and lifestyles) report provides a way of viewing people based on attitudes, needsRead MoreAdvertising : Teens And Advertising1099 Words   |  5 PagesJordan is shown in a television commercial dunking a basketball, wearing a new style of Nike shoes. Consequently, kids [teens] are going to want the same pair to be like Mike† (Negative Effects). That being said, advertising campaigns and promotions are making teens not to believe in themselves and what they were made to be, but instead, they want to be like other people; this makes them to be discontented with themselves. Teens are also spending more time doing things that will contribute little

The Secret Circle The Captive Chapter Two Free Essays

string(58) " was swinging at an angle, and Diana turned to follow it\." Somewhere on the way downstairs Cassie stopped feeling guilty. She didn’t know exactly how it happened. But it was necessary, if she was going to survive this. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now She was doing everything she could to protect Diana-and Adam, too, in a way. Adam must never know about Faye’s blackmail. So Cassie would do whatever it took to protect them both, but by God, she wasn’t going to feel guilty on top of it. And she had to handle Faye somehow as well, she thought, marching behind the tall girl, past Diana’s father’s study. She had to keep Faye from doing anything too radical with the skull. She didn’t know how; she’d have to think about that later. But somehow she would do it. If Faye had looked back just then, Cassie thought, she might have been surprised to see the face of the girl behind her. For the first time in her life Cassie felt as if her eyes were hard, like the blue steel of a revolver instead of the soft blue of wildflowers. But right now she had to look neutral- composed. The group on the driveway looked up as she and Faye came out the door. â€Å"What took you so long?† Laurel asked. â€Å"We were plotting to kill you all,† Faye said breezily. â€Å"Shall we?† She gestured toward the garage. There were only traces of yesterday’s chalk circle left on the floor. Once again the garage was empty of cars-they were lucky Diana’s father worked so much at his law firm. Diana, her left fist still closed, went over to the wall of the garage, directly behind the place Cassie had been sitting when they had performed the skull ceremony. Cassie followed her and then drew in her breath sharply. â€Å"It’s burned.† She hadn’t noticed that last night. Well, of course not; it had been too dark. Diana was nodding. â€Å"I hope nobody is going to keep arguing about whether there was any dark energy or not,† she said, with a glance back at Deborah and Suzan. The wood and plaster of the garage wall was charred in a circle perhaps a foot and a half in diameter. Cassie looked at it, and then at the remnants of the chalk circle on the floor. She had been sitting there, but part of her had been inside the skull. Diana had told them all to look into it, to concentrate, and suddenly Cassie had found herself inside it. That was where she’d seen-felt-the dark power. It had begun rushing outward, getting bigger, determined to break out of the crystal. And she’d seen a face†¦. She was grateful, suddenly, for Adam’s calm voice. â€Å"Well, we know what direction it started in, anyway. Let’s see if the crystal agrees.† They were all standing around Diana. She looked at them, then held her left fist out, palm up, and unclasped her fingers. She took the top of the silver chain with her right hand and drew it up taut, so that the peridot just rested on her palm. â€Å"Concentrate,† she said. â€Å"Earth and Air, help us see what we need to see. Show the traces of the dark energy to us. Everybody concentrate on the crystal.† Earth and Air, wind and tree, show us what we need to see, Cassie thought, her mind automatically setting the simple concept in a rhyme. The wood of the wall, the air outside; those were what they needed to help them. She found herself murmuring the words under her breath and quickly stopped, but Diana’s green eyes flashed at her. â€Å"Go on,† Diana said tensely in a low voice, and Cassie started up again, feeling self-conscious. Diana removed the hand that was supporting the crystal. It spun on the chain, twirling until the chain was kinked tightly, and then twirling the other way. Cassie watched the pale green blur, murmuring the couplet faster and faster. Earth and Air†¦ no, it was useless. The peridot was just spinning madly like a top gone wild. Suddenly, with broad, sweeping strokes, the crystal began swinging back and forth. Someone’s breath hissed on the other side of the circle. The peridot had straightened out; it was no longer twirling, but swinging steadily and hard. Like a pendulum, Cassie realized. Diana wasn’t doing it; the hand that held the chain remained steady. But the peridot was swinging hard, back toward the center of the chalk circle on the floor, and forward toward the burned place on the wall. â€Å"Bingo,† Adam said softly. â€Å"We’ve got it,† Melanie whispered. â€Å"All right, now you’re going to have to move it out of alignment to get outside. Walk-carefully- to the door, and then try to come back to this exact place on the other side of the wall.† Diana wet her lips and nodded, then, holding the silver chain always at the same distance from her body, she turned smoothly and did as Melanie said. The coven broke up to give her room and regrouped around her outside. Finding the right place wasn’t hard; there was another burned circle on the outer wall, somewhat fainter than the one inside. As Diana brought the crystal into alignment once more, it began to swing again. Straight toward the burned place, straight out. Down Crowhaven Road, toward the town. A shudder went up Cassie’s spine. Everyone looked at everyone else. Holding the crystal away from her, Diana followed the direction of the swinging. They all fell in behind her, although Cassie noticed that Faye’s group kept to the rear. Cassie herself was still fighting every second to not watch Adam. Trees rustled overhead. Red maple, beech, slippery elm-Cassie could identify many of them now. But she tried to keep her eyes on the rapid swish of the pendulum. They walked and walked, following the curve of Crowhaven Road down toward the water. Now grasses and hedges grew poorly in the sandy soil. The pale green stone was swinging at an angle, and Diana turned to follow it. You read "The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Two" in category "Essay examples" They were heading west now, along a deeply rutted dirt road. Cassie had never been this way before, but the other members of the Circle obviously had-they were exchanging guarded glances. Cassie saw a chain-link fence ahead, and then an irregular line of headstones. â€Å"Oh, great,† Laurel muttered from beside Cassie, and from somewhere in back Suzan said, â€Å"I don’t believe this. First we have to walk for miles, and now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"What’s the problem? Just gonna visit some of our ancestors underground,† Doug Henderson said, his blue-green eyes glittering oddly. â€Å"Shut up,† Adam said. Cassie didn’t want to go inside. She’d seen many cemeteries in New England-it seemed there was one on every other street in Massachusetts, and she’d been to Kori’s funeral down in the town. This one didn’t look any different from the others: it was a small, square plot of land cluttered with modest gravestones, many of them worn almost completely smooth with time. But Cassie could hardly make herself follow the others onto the sparse, browning grass between the graves. Diana led them straight down the middle of the cemetery. Most of the stones were small, scarcely reaching higher than Cassie’s knees. They were shaped like arches, with two smaller arches on either side. â€Å"Whoever carved these had a gruesome sense of humor,† she breathed. Many of the stones were etched with crude skulls, some of them winged, others in front of crossbones. One had an entire skeleton, holding a sun and moon in its hands. â€Å"Death’s victory,† Faye said softly, so close that Cassie felt warmth on the nape of her neck. Cassie jumped, but refused to look back. â€Å"Oh, terrific,† said Laurel as Diana slowed. The light was dying from the sky. They were in the center of the graveyard, and a cool breeze blew over the stunted grass, bringing a faint tang of salt with it. The hairs on the back of Cassie’s neck were tingling. You’re a witch, she reminded herself. You should love cemeteries. They’re probably your natural habitat. The thought didn’t really make her feel less frightened, but now her fear was mingled with something else-a sort of strange excitement. The darkness gathering in the sky and in the corners of the graveyard seemed closer. She was part of it, part of a whole new world of shadows and power. Diana stopped. The silver chain was a thin line in the gloom, with a pale blob below it. But Cassie could see that the peridot was no longer swinging like a pendulum. Instead it was moving erratically, round and round in circles. It would swing a few times one way, then slow and swing back the other way. Cassie looked at it, then up at Diana’s face. Diana was frowning. Everyone was watching the circling stone in dead silence. Cassie couldn’t stand the suspense any longer. â€Å"What does it mean?† she hissed to Laurel, who just shook her head. Diana, though, looked up. â€Å"Something’s wrong with it. It led here- and then it just stopped. But if we’ve found the place, it shouldn’t be moving at all. The stone should just sort of point and quiver-right, Melanie?† â€Å"Like a good hound dog,† Doug said, with his wild grin. Melanie ignored him. â€Å"That’s the theory,† she said. â€Å"But we’ve never really tried this before. Maybe it means†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice trailed off as she looked around the graveyard, then she shrugged. â€Å"I don’t know what it means.† The tingling at the back of Cassie’s neck was getting stronger. The dark energy had come here-and done what? Disappeared? Dissipated? Or †¦ Laurel was breathing quickly, her elfin face unusually tense. Cassie instinctively moved a little closer to her. She and Laurel and Sean were the juniors, the youngest members of the Circle, and witch or not, Cassie’s arms had broken out in gooseflesh. â€Å"What if it’s still here, somewhere†¦ waiting?† she said. â€Å"I doubt it,† Melanie said, her voice as level and uninflected as usual. â€Å"It couldn’t hang around without being stored somehow; it would just evaporate. It either came here and did something, or-† Again, though, she could only finish her sentence with a shrug. â€Å"But what could it do here? I don’t see any signs of damage, and I feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Still frowning, Diana caught the circling peridot in her left hand and held it. â€Å"This place feels confused- strange-but I don’t sense any harm the dark energy has done. Cassie?† Cassie tried to search her own feelings. Confusion-as Diana said. And she felt dread and anger and all sorts of churned-up emotions-but maybe that was just her. She was in no state to get a clear reading on anything. â€Å"I don’t know,† she had to say to Diana. â€Å"I don’t like it here.† â€Å"Maybe, but that’s not the point. The point is that we don’t see any burns the dark energy could have left, or sense anything it’s destroyed or hurt,† Diana said. Deborah’s voice was impatient. â€Å"Why are you asking her, anyway?† she said with a jerk of her dark head toward Cassie. â€Å"She’s hardly even one of us-â€Å" â€Å"Cassie’s as much a part of the Circle as you are,† Adam interrupted, unusually curt. Cassie saw the arch, amused glance Faye threw him and wanted to intervene, but Diana was agreeing heatedly with Adam, and Deborah was bridling, glaring at both of them. It looked as if an argument would break out. â€Å"Be quiet!† Laurel said sharply. â€Å"Listen!† Cassie heard it as soon as the voices died down; the quiet crunch of gravel at the roadside. It was noticeable only against the deathly quiet of the autumn twilight. â€Å"Somebody’s coming,† Chris Henderson said. He and Doug were poised for a fight. They were all hideously on edge, Cassie realized. The crunch of footsteps sounded as loud as firecrackers now, grating against her taut nerves. She saw a dim shape beside the road, and then saw Adam move forward, so that he was in front of both Diana and her. I’m going to have to talk to him about that, she thought irrelevantly. There was a pause in the footsteps, and the dim shape came toward them. Adam and the Henderson brothers looked ready to rush it. Quarrel forgotten, Deborah looked ready too. Sean was cowering behind Faye. Cassie’s heart began to pound. Then she noticed a spot of red like a tiny burning coal floating near the figure, and she heard a familiar voice. â€Å"If you want me, you got me. Four against one ought to be about fair.† With a whoop, Chris Henderson rushed forward. â€Å"Nick!† Doug grinned, while still managing to look as if he might jump the approaching figure. Adam relaxed and stepped back. â€Å"You sure, Adam? We can settle this right here,† Nick said as he reached the group, the end of his cigarette glowing as he inhaled. Adam’s eyes narrowed, and then Cassie saw the daredevil smile he’d worn at Cape Cod, when four guys with a gun had been chasing him. What was wrong with him, what was wrong with everybody tonight? she wondered. They were all acting crazy. Diana put a restraining hand on Adam’s arm. â€Å"No fighting,† she said quietly. Nick looked at her, then shrugged. â€Å"Kind of nervous, aren’t you?† he said, surveying the group. Sean emerged from behind Faye. â€Å"I’m just high-strung.† â€Å"Yes, you ought to be-from a tree,† Faye said contemptuously. Nick didn’t smile, but then Nick never smiled. As always, his face was handsome but cold. â€Å"Well, maybe you have a reason to be nervous-at least some of you,† he said. â€Å"What’s that supposed to mean? We came here looking for the dark energy that escaped last night,† said Adam. Nick went still, as if struck by a new idea, then his cigarette glowed again. â€Å"Maybe you’re looking in the wrong place,† he said expressionlessly. Diana’s voice was quiet. â€Å"Nick, will you please just tell us what you mean?† Nick looked around at them all. â€Å"I mean,† he said deliberately, â€Å"that while you’ve been scurrying around here, a crew’s been up at Devil’s Cove, pulling rocks off old Fogle.† Fogle? Cassie couldn’t place the name. And then suddenly she saw it in her mind’s eye-on a brass plate in a wood-paneled office. â€Å"Our principal?† she gasped. â€Å"You got it. They say he got caught in an avalanche.† â€Å"An avalanche?† demanded Laurel in disbelief. â€Å"Around here?† â€Å"How else do you explain the two-ton chunk of granite that was on top of him? Not to mention all the smaller stuff.† There was a moment of shocked silence. â€Å"Is he†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Cassie couldn’t finish the question. â€Å"He wasn’t looking too good when they got that chunk off him,† Nick said, and then, with less sarcasm, â€Å"He’s been dead since last night.† â€Å"Oh, God,† Laurel whispered. There was another silence, just as shocked and even longer this time. Cassie knew they were all seeing the same thing: A crystal skull surrounded by a protective ring of candles- and one of the candles going out. â€Å"It was Faye’s fault,† Sean began in a whine, but Faye interrupted without looking at him. â€Å"It was his fault.† â€Å"Wait, wait,† said Diana. â€Å"We don’t know the dark energy had anything to do with it. How could it have, when we know it came here and then stopped?† â€Å"I don’t think that’s much comfort,† Melanie said in a low voice. â€Å"Because if it wasn’t the dark energy, who was it?† There was a sort of strange shifting in the group, as if everyone was standing back and looking at all the others. Cassie felt a void in the pit of her stomach again. The principal was-had been-an outsider, who hated witches. And that meant they all had a motive-especially anybody who blamed the outsiders for Kori Henderson’s death. Cassie looked at Deborah, and then at Chris and Doug. Most of the rest of the coven was doing the same. Doug glared back, then gave a wild, defiant grin. â€Å"Maybe we did do it,† he said, eyes glittering. â€Å"Did we?† said Chris, looking confused. Deborah just looked scornful. There was another silence, then Suzan spoke in a petulant voice. â€Å"Look, it’s too bad about Fogle, but do we have to stand here forever? My feet are killing me.† Adam seemed to shake himself. â€Å"She’s right; we should get out of this place. There’s nothing we can do here.† He put an arm around Diana, and gestured everybody else ahead. Cassie lingered. There was something she wanted to say to Diana. But Diana was moving now, and Cassie didn’t have a chance. With the Henderson brothers in the lead, the group was taking a different route than the one they had taken in, cutting toward the northeast corner of the cemetery. As they approached the road, Cassie noticed the ground sloped up. There was a strange mound of grassy earth near the chain-link fence on this side; she almost tripped when she reached it. But even stranger was what she saw when they had passed it and she looked back. The front of the mound was faced with stone slabs, and there was an iron door, maybe two feet square, set between them. The door had an iron hinge and a padlock on it, but it couldn’t have opened anyway. Pushed right up against it was a large, irregular hunk of cement. Grass was growing up around the cement, showing it had been there a while. Cassie’s hands were icy cold, her heart was thudding, and she was dizzy. She tried to think, noticing with only part of her mind that she was passing by newer gravestones now, marble slabs with writing not worn smooth by time. She was trying to figure out what was wrong with her-was it just reaction to all the events of the past day and night? Was that why she was shaking? â€Å"Cassie, are you okay?† Diana and Adam had turned around. Cassie was grateful for the growing darkness as she faced both of them and tried to get her mind clear. â€Å"Yeah. I just-felt weird for a minute. But wait, Diana.† Cassie remembered what she had wanted to say. â€Å"You know how you were asking me about my feelings before†¦ well, I have a feeling about Mr. Fogle. I think the dark energy did have something to do with it, somehow. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She stopped. â€Å"But I don’t know. There’s something else strange going on.† â€Å"You can say that again,† Adam said, and he reached for her arm to get her moving once more. Cassie evaded him and shot him a reproachful glance while Diana was staring into the distance. He looked at his own hand, startled. There was something strange going on, something stranger than any of them realized, Cassie thought. â€Å"What is that thing back there, with the iron door?† she asked. â€Å"It’s been there for as long as I can remember,† Diana said absently. â€Å"Something to do with storage, I think.† Cassie glanced back, but by now the mound was lost in darkness. She hugged herself, tucking her hands under her clasping arms to warm them. Her heart was still thudding. I’ll ask Grandma Howard about it, she decided. Whatever it was, it wasn’t a storage shed, she knew that. Then she noticed that Diana was toying with something around her neck as she walked lost in thought. It was a fine golden chain, and at the end of it dangled a key. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Captive Chapter Two, Essay examples

Research Paper on Zionism Essay Example

Research Paper on Zionism Essay Zionism is a political movement aimed at reunification and revival of Jewish people in their historic homeland, Israel, as well as an ideological concept fundamental for the movement. The ideology of Zionism unites various movement different in their trends, from the left socialites to orthodox religious groups. Before the World War II, Zionism was one of the largest Jewish political movements (along with working-class movement the Bund, which struggled for the culture autonomy). Those college writers who are about to write an interesting and argumentative research paper on the topic have to understand that the word â€Å"Zionism† is derivative from the toponym Zion (from Hebr. ), in addition, Israel is often named as â€Å"Zion’s daughter,† and Jew people as â€Å"Zion’s sons.† Since the Babylonian captivity, Zion has become for the Jewish diaspora a symbol of the lost homeland. In this meaning it is often encountered in religious scripts and secular press. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Zionism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Zionism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Zionism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the second half of the 19th century the toponym semantic was used for the name of a pro-Palestine movement Hovevei Zion. The term itself was coined by one of the earliest Zionism theoretics, the leader of the Ortodox Judaism movement Agudat Yisrael and Yiddishisme Nathan Birnbaum. It was first used in 1890 in the publications of his magazine Selbstemancipacion as a name of the party, which stood for the the return of Jews to Israel though the political activity, as opposed to the purely practical immigration policy by Hovevei Zion. Nevertheless, up to the end of the 19th century, Zionism primarily meant practical activity aimed at the organization of agricultural communities in Israel. The same meaning has been put in the word by Theodor Herzl until The First Zionist Congress, which adopted the so-called Basel program joining political and practical aspects of the movement with the establishment of the World Zionist Organization, which consolidated most Hoveveis of Zion, whet the term received its today meaning. In some sources, Zionism is regarded as a movement of Jewish people national liberation in the context te European national liberation movements of the 19th century. At the same time, the critics of Zionism regard it as a form of racism and racial discrimination. Often the term is mistakenly used for the definition of any Jewish movement of the national trends, for example, the demand for the establishment of the national-cultural autonomy in Crimea, the right for immigration in other countries beside Israel, and even any struggle for the equality of rights for Jews. The term â€Å"Zionism† is also often used by the proponents of the Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory having antisemitism nature. Zionism as well should not be confused with territorialism, which means the intention of part of Jewish people to establish the state on any territory, while Zionism is an intention to reconstitute the state exactly in Israel. Using free sample research papers on Zionism you may learn a great deal of relevant data on the topic. At EssayLib.com writing service you can get a high-quality custom research paper on Zionism topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy professional research paper writing service!

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Cynthia Evans Mississippi College Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients This is a review of literature examining how frequent recurring episodes of pain affect the quality of life in the sickle cell disease patients. Several studies conducted concerning pain management and quality of life for sickle cell disease patients indicate additional studies needed. Identifying additional effective complementary alternate therapies is vital for a more improved quality of life. This will be necessary in order to reduce the number of painful episodes experienced by the sickle cell patient. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of the red blood cells and further characterized by painful acute vaso-occlusive episodes where the sickle cell is stuck in the blood vessels, blocking the blood flow. This is one of the most common reasons leading up to hospitalization, the vaso-occlusive episodes. These episodes can lead to ischemia and infarctions over the entire body region with painful recurring, unpredictable, intense, and relentless episodes, lasting approximately 3-14 days (Yaster, Kost-Byerly, Maxwell, 2000). According to Granados and Jacob (2009), the purpose of their study was to examine pain experienced and the effectiveness of analgesics for hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease. The literature review indicates a variety of reasons why inadequate pain management is ongoing in the adult (SCD) patients admitted with vaso-occlusive episodes. The focus is mainly on factors that affect the management of pain, including methods of analgesic administration, and non-pharmacologic regimens, therefore the perception of the provider is important in regards to treating sickle cell pain as identified in the study by (Shapiro, Benjamin, Payne Heidrich, 1997; Steinberg, 1999; Yale et al. , 2000). Little attention in the way of research studies has been examined in relation to the pain experience of the sickle cell adults. Ballas and Lusardi (2005) evaluated the sequence of hospital admissions of patients with sickle cell disease, reviewing the causes of recurring admissions, and the importance of the patient’s outcome of illness. All readmissions examined specifically within seven to thirty days from the initial admission discharge assessing for the rationale of the recurrence of hospital admission and relation to the prognosis of the sickle cell disease patient. The researchers evaluated the pain by a descriptive underlying research design knowledgeable by the sickle cell disease patients for intensity, location, and quality of pain. Fifty percent of patients admitted for intense painful episodes were readmitted within one month after discharge, and another estimated 16% were readmitted within one week after discharge. Severe pain is described as a degree of pain greater than six on a zero to ten numerical rating scales. A mean score of seven or greater indicates prematurity in discharging the sickle cell disease patients from the hospital. In conclusion, the patients admitted to the hospital with high pain scores were more likely to have lengthy hospitalizations, and to be discharged home with equally higher pain scores. The pain intensity scores from the previous discharge examined by the researchers indicated 71 readmission, in which 52 patients were readmitted for vaso-occlusive episodes, (Ballas Lusardi, 2005). The pain score of study participants indicated a high pain intensity score, and the scores did not change consequently during prolonged episodes. Even higher pain intensity more so on days seven and eight were indicated for increase pain significance. Researchers further indicated that the main reason for hospital readmissions were early discharge to home settings, signs and symptoms of medication/drug withdrawal, that brought about the intense reoccurring episodes of vaso-occlusive illnesses. It was noted that readmissions to the hospital for the adult sickle cell disease patient is more common and researchers recommended future studies for improvement in pain management in the hospital and at home. In future studies, researchers will need to use a larger sample size to evaluate patterns of pain management, effectiveness and influence on quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient. Although, no evidence was identified where upward titration of analgesics was done it is recommended that development of algorithms be encouraged to help carefully plan decisions regarding titration of medications in adult patients with sickle cell disease during hospitalizations. Jiles and Morris, (2008) made known in their descriptive study of 62 patients (18 years of age and older) using Burckhardt and Anderson’s 16 item self-report and a demographic uestionnaire used for data collection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quality of life in adults with sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin S beta thalassemia. The results revealed that the healthy populations average scores for quality of life scale is 90 and in this study the overall mean QOL score was 83. 6 ( SD=13. 2) lower than those of the overall general population. The outcome of this study indicated additional research is necessary to advance the understanding of the factors that greatly affect quality of life in the management of sickle cell disease in order for patients to enjoy normal activities of life. A cross sectional descriptive study conducted by Yoon and Black (2006) researched both pharmacologic and complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). They further studied the prevalence and types of complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with SCD and made inquiries of caregivers’ concerning their interests in using complementary therapies in the future. Since there was no obtainable questionnaire to meet the principle of the study, a questionnaire was created by the chief researcher. Items included on the questionnaire was age of child, age of caregiver, use of analgesic, annual income estimate, caregivers educational level, and type of health insurance their child had available. Divisions were randomly ordered and included massage, chiropractic, acupuncture, energy healing, relaxation techniques, imagery, meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback, self-prayer, spiritual healing by others, music therapy, herbal or fold remedies, megavitiamins, yoga, tai chi and other body works, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The prospective patients were identified, approached, and invited to participate in the study by the clinical coordinator of the sickle cell disease clinic. The study was explained and potential participants were provided an informed consent letter. All subjects were provided a room for privacy and questionnaires were completed either by the caregivers of the participants or by the research assistance. The research assistant was nearby in either case to answer any questions that might arise by the caregivers when completing his/her form. The instructions provided to the caregivers indicated the questionnaires listing of the sixteen complementary therapies. The caregivers were to indicate any usage of them within the last six months and were asked would they be interested in using any of the listed complementary therapies in the future. Statistical analyses was used including how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time and expected values with standard deviations, were used to compare demographic variables, research use of pharmacological therapies for pain management between age groups, and evaluate pharmacologic/analgesic and complementary therapy use. Chi-square tests were done in the beginning of the study and carried through to completion comparing the demographic variables, scrutinized use of pharmacologic therapies for pain management between age groups, and compared use of pharmacologic and complementary therapies. The results of the most frequently used pain medication for children revealed a mean age of 9 years. The results indicated children using pain medications most frequently identified was ibuprofen (37. 5%), acetaminophen with codeine (32. 1%), and acetaminophen with oxycodone (14. 5%). Complementary and alternative medicine use among children as well as adults has increased in the last ten years. In the study, caregivers with a mean age of 33 years was 70% of the 63 caregivers identified as using some form of complementary therapy. African American mothers made up 79% of the predominant race of caregivers and (56. 9%) indicated an annual income less than $20,000. Sixty percent of caregivers had twelve years of education or less, and twenty-four percent reported at least 2 years of college education. Medicaid (76%) was the major source of coverage for the children, although 24% had private or other identifying insurance. Future studies should include investigating the safety and effectiveness of the most commonly used complementary therapies reported in this study as well as recognizing possible ways complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may be used effectively with pharmacologic therapies for pain management in children with Sickle cell disease in order to offer greater longevity and overall improved quality of life. Yoon and Black (2006), Jiles and Morris (2008) and Granados and Jacob (2009) all indicate the need for future studies in management of pain in the sickle cell disease patients. All studies indicate that the genetic disorder most commonly found in the African- American affects approximately 70,000 in the United States. This genetic disorder affects the red blood cells causing a stasis of sickle shaped erythrocytes, in which occlusion of the cells microcirculation, causing ischemia, and infarction. These recurring, unpredictable, intensified, and persistent painful episodes prevent stability and overall quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient and all authors indicate the need for future studies. The purpose of this review of literature is to identify all of the effective therapies of pain management for sickle cell disease patients. Whether the therapies used are complementary or alternative therapies vs. analgesic regimens. There must be future studies to seek out the answers for improved methods of pain treatment in order to improve the quality of life for the patients with sickle cell disease to exceed living past the age of forty-two with an increased zest and quality of life. References Granados, R. , Jacob, E. , (2009, May/June). Pain Experience in Hospitalized Adults with Sickle Cell Disease. Medsurg Nursing, 18 (3), 161-167,182. Jiles, V. M. , Morris, D. L. , (2009). Quality of Life of adult patients with sickle cell disease. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, Volume 21, 340-349. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-7599. 2009. 00416x Yoon, S. L. , Black, S. , (2006) Comprehensive, Integrative Management of Pain for Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Volume 12, Number 10, pp. 995-1001.

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Cynthia Evans Mississippi College Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients This is a review of literature examining how frequent recurring episodes of pain affect the quality of life in the sickle cell disease patients. Several studies conducted concerning pain management and quality of life for sickle cell disease patients indicate additional studies needed. Identifying additional effective complementary alternate therapies is vital for a more improved quality of life. This will be necessary in order to reduce the number of painful episodes experienced by the sickle cell patient. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of the red blood cells and further characterized by painful acute vaso-occlusive episodes where the sickle cell is stuck in the blood vessels, blocking the blood flow. This is one of the most common reasons leading up to hospitalization, the vaso-occlusive episodes. These episodes can lead to ischemia and infarctions over the entire body region with painful recurring, unpredictable, intense, and relentless episodes, lasting approximately 3-14 days (Yaster, Kost-Byerly, Maxwell, 2000). According to Granados and Jacob (2009), the purpose of their study was to examine pain experienced and the effectiveness of analgesics for hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease. The literature review indicates a variety of reasons why inadequate pain management is ongoing in the adult (SCD) patients admitted with vaso-occlusive episodes. The focus is mainly on factors that affect the management of pain, including methods of analgesic administration, and non-pharmacologic regimens, therefore the perception of the provider is important in regards to treating sickle cell pain as identified in the study by (Shapiro, Benjamin, Payne Heidrich, 1997; Steinberg, 1999; Yale et al. , 2000). Little attention in the way of research studies has been examined in relation to the pain experience of the sickle cell adults. Ballas and Lusardi (2005) evaluated the sequence of hospital admissions of patients with sickle cell disease, reviewing the causes of recurring admissions, and the importance of the patient’s outcome of illness. All readmissions examined specifically within seven to thirty days from the initial admission discharge assessing for the rationale of the recurrence of hospital admission and relation to the prognosis of the sickle cell disease patient. The researchers evaluated the pain by a descriptive underlying research design knowledgeable by the sickle cell disease patients for intensity, location, and quality of pain. Fifty percent of patients admitted for intense painful episodes were readmitted within one month after discharge, and another estimated 16% were readmitted within one week after discharge. Severe pain is described as a degree of pain greater than six on a zero to ten numerical rating scales. A mean score of seven or greater indicates prematurity in discharging the sickle cell disease patients from the hospital. In conclusion, the patients admitted to the hospital with high pain scores were more likely to have lengthy hospitalizations, and to be discharged home with equally higher pain scores. The pain intensity scores from the previous discharge examined by the researchers indicated 71 readmission, in which 52 patients were readmitted for vaso-occlusive episodes, (Ballas Lusardi, 2005). The pain score of study participants indicated a high pain intensity score, and the scores did not change consequently during prolonged episodes. Even higher pain intensity more so on days seven and eight were indicated for increase pain significance. Researchers further indicated that the main reason for hospital readmissions were early discharge to home settings, signs and symptoms of medication/drug withdrawal, that brought about the intense reoccurring episodes of vaso-occlusive illnesses. It was noted that readmissions to the hospital for the adult sickle cell disease patient is more common and researchers recommended future studies for improvement in pain management in the hospital and at home. In future studies, researchers will need to use a larger sample size to evaluate patterns of pain management, effectiveness and influence on quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient. Although, no evidence was identified where upward titration of analgesics was done it is recommended that development of algorithms be encouraged to help carefully plan decisions regarding titration of medications in adult patients with sickle cell disease during hospitalizations. Jiles and Morris, (2008) made known in their descriptive study of 62 patients (18 years of age and older) using Burckhardt and Anderson’s 16 item self-report and a demographic uestionnaire used for data collection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quality of life in adults with sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin S beta thalassemia. The results revealed that the healthy populations average scores for quality of life scale is 90 and in this study the overall mean QOL score was 83. 6 ( SD=13. 2) lower than those of the overall general population. The outcome of this study indicated additional research is necessary to advance the understanding of the factors that greatly affect quality of life in the management of sickle cell disease in order for patients to enjoy normal activities of life. A cross sectional descriptive study conducted by Yoon and Black (2006) researched both pharmacologic and complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). They further studied the prevalence and types of complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with SCD and made inquiries of caregivers’ concerning their interests in using complementary therapies in the future. Since there was no obtainable questionnaire to meet the principle of the study, a questionnaire was created by the chief researcher. Items included on the questionnaire was age of child, age of caregiver, use of analgesic, annual income estimate, caregivers educational level, and type of health insurance their child had available. Divisions were randomly ordered and included massage, chiropractic, acupuncture, energy healing, relaxation techniques, imagery, meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback, self-prayer, spiritual healing by others, music therapy, herbal or fold remedies, megavitiamins, yoga, tai chi and other body works, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The prospective patients were identified, approached, and invited to participate in the study by the clinical coordinator of the sickle cell disease clinic. The study was explained and potential participants were provided an informed consent letter. All subjects were provided a room for privacy and questionnaires were completed either by the caregivers of the participants or by the research assistance. The research assistant was nearby in either case to answer any questions that might arise by the caregivers when completing his/her form. The instructions provided to the caregivers indicated the questionnaires listing of the sixteen complementary therapies. The caregivers were to indicate any usage of them within the last six months and were asked would they be interested in using any of the listed complementary therapies in the future. Statistical analyses was used including how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time and expected values with standard deviations, were used to compare demographic variables, research use of pharmacological therapies for pain management between age groups, and evaluate pharmacologic/analgesic and complementary therapy use. Chi-square tests were done in the beginning of the study and carried through to completion comparing the demographic variables, scrutinized use of pharmacologic therapies for pain management between age groups, and compared use of pharmacologic and complementary therapies. The results of the most frequently used pain medication for children revealed a mean age of 9 years. The results indicated children using pain medications most frequently identified was ibuprofen (37. 5%), acetaminophen with codeine (32. 1%), and acetaminophen with oxycodone (14. 5%). Complementary and alternative medicine use among children as well as adults has increased in the last ten years. In the study, caregivers with a mean age of 33 years was 70% of the 63 caregivers identified as using some form of complementary therapy. African American mothers made up 79% of the predominant race of caregivers and (56. 9%) indicated an annual income less than $20,000. Sixty percent of caregivers had twelve years of education or less, and twenty-four percent reported at least 2 years of college education. Medicaid (76%) was the major source of coverage for the children, although 24% had private or other identifying insurance. Future studies should include investigating the safety and effectiveness of the most commonly used complementary therapies reported in this study as well as recognizing possible ways complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may be used effectively with pharmacologic therapies for pain management in children with Sickle cell disease in order to offer greater longevity and overall improved quality of life. Yoon and Black (2006), Jiles and Morris (2008) and Granados and Jacob (2009) all indicate the need for future studies in management of pain in the sickle cell disease patients. All studies indicate that the genetic disorder most commonly found in the African- American affects approximately 70,000 in the United States. This genetic disorder affects the red blood cells causing a stasis of sickle shaped erythrocytes, in which occlusion of the cells microcirculation, causing ischemia, and infarction. These recurring, unpredictable, intensified, and persistent painful episodes prevent stability and overall quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient and all authors indicate the need for future studies. The purpose of this review of literature is to identify all of the effective therapies of pain management for sickle cell disease patients. Whether the therapies used are complementary or alternative therapies vs. analgesic regimens. There must be future studies to seek out the answers for improved methods of pain treatment in order to improve the quality of life for the patients with sickle cell disease to exceed living past the age of forty-two with an increased zest and quality of life. References Granados, R. , Jacob, E. , (2009, May/June). Pain Experience in Hospitalized Adults with Sickle Cell Disease. Medsurg Nursing, 18 (3), 161-167,182. Jiles, V. M. , Morris, D. L. , (2009). Quality of Life of adult patients with sickle cell disease. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, Volume 21, 340-349. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-7599. 2009. 00416x Yoon, S. L. , Black, S. , (2006) Comprehensive, Integrative Management of Pain for Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Volume 12, Number 10, pp. 995-1001.

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays

Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essays Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Essay Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients Cynthia Evans Mississippi College Pain Management and Quality of Life for Sickle Cell Disease Patients This is a review of literature examining how frequent recurring episodes of pain affect the quality of life in the sickle cell disease patients. Several studies conducted concerning pain management and quality of life for sickle cell disease patients indicate additional studies needed. Identifying additional effective complementary alternate therapies is vital for a more improved quality of life. This will be necessary in order to reduce the number of painful episodes experienced by the sickle cell patient. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of the red blood cells and further characterized by painful acute vaso-occlusive episodes where the sickle cell is stuck in the blood vessels, blocking the blood flow. This is one of the most common reasons leading up to hospitalization, the vaso-occlusive episodes. These episodes can lead to ischemia and infarctions over the entire body region with painful recurring, unpredictable, intense, and relentless episodes, lasting approximately 3-14 days (Yaster, Kost-Byerly, Maxwell, 2000). According to Granados and Jacob (2009), the purpose of their study was to examine pain experienced and the effectiveness of analgesics for hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease. The literature review indicates a variety of reasons why inadequate pain management is ongoing in the adult (SCD) patients admitted with vaso-occlusive episodes. The focus is mainly on factors that affect the management of pain, including methods of analgesic administration, and non-pharmacologic regimens, therefore the perception of the provider is important in regards to treating sickle cell pain as identified in the study by (Shapiro, Benjamin, Payne Heidrich, 1997; Steinberg, 1999; Yale et al. , 2000). Little attention in the way of research studies has been examined in relation to the pain experience of the sickle cell adults. Ballas and Lusardi (2005) evaluated the sequence of hospital admissions of patients with sickle cell disease, reviewing the causes of recurring admissions, and the importance of the patient’s outcome of illness. All readmissions examined specifically within seven to thirty days from the initial admission discharge assessing for the rationale of the recurrence of hospital admission and relation to the prognosis of the sickle cell disease patient. The researchers evaluated the pain by a descriptive underlying research design knowledgeable by the sickle cell disease patients for intensity, location, and quality of pain. Fifty percent of patients admitted for intense painful episodes were readmitted within one month after discharge, and another estimated 16% were readmitted within one week after discharge. Severe pain is described as a degree of pain greater than six on a zero to ten numerical rating scales. A mean score of seven or greater indicates prematurity in discharging the sickle cell disease patients from the hospital. In conclusion, the patients admitted to the hospital with high pain scores were more likely to have lengthy hospitalizations, and to be discharged home with equally higher pain scores. The pain intensity scores from the previous discharge examined by the researchers indicated 71 readmission, in which 52 patients were readmitted for vaso-occlusive episodes, (Ballas Lusardi, 2005). The pain score of study participants indicated a high pain intensity score, and the scores did not change consequently during prolonged episodes. Even higher pain intensity more so on days seven and eight were indicated for increase pain significance. Researchers further indicated that the main reason for hospital readmissions were early discharge to home settings, signs and symptoms of medication/drug withdrawal, that brought about the intense reoccurring episodes of vaso-occlusive illnesses. It was noted that readmissions to the hospital for the adult sickle cell disease patient is more common and researchers recommended future studies for improvement in pain management in the hospital and at home. In future studies, researchers will need to use a larger sample size to evaluate patterns of pain management, effectiveness and influence on quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient. Although, no evidence was identified where upward titration of analgesics was done it is recommended that development of algorithms be encouraged to help carefully plan decisions regarding titration of medications in adult patients with sickle cell disease during hospitalizations. Jiles and Morris, (2008) made known in their descriptive study of 62 patients (18 years of age and older) using Burckhardt and Anderson’s 16 item self-report and a demographic uestionnaire used for data collection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quality of life in adults with sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin SC, or Hemoglobin S beta thalassemia. The results revealed that the healthy populations average scores for quality of life scale is 90 and in this study the overall mean QOL score was 83. 6 ( SD=13. 2) lower than those of the overall general population. The outcome of this study indicated additional research is necessary to advance the understanding of the factors that greatly affect quality of life in the management of sickle cell disease in order for patients to enjoy normal activities of life. A cross sectional descriptive study conducted by Yoon and Black (2006) researched both pharmacologic and complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). They further studied the prevalence and types of complementary therapies used for pain management by caregivers of children with SCD and made inquiries of caregivers’ concerning their interests in using complementary therapies in the future. Since there was no obtainable questionnaire to meet the principle of the study, a questionnaire was created by the chief researcher. Items included on the questionnaire was age of child, age of caregiver, use of analgesic, annual income estimate, caregivers educational level, and type of health insurance their child had available. Divisions were randomly ordered and included massage, chiropractic, acupuncture, energy healing, relaxation techniques, imagery, meditation, hypnosis, biofeedback, self-prayer, spiritual healing by others, music therapy, herbal or fold remedies, megavitiamins, yoga, tai chi and other body works, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The prospective patients were identified, approached, and invited to participate in the study by the clinical coordinator of the sickle cell disease clinic. The study was explained and potential participants were provided an informed consent letter. All subjects were provided a room for privacy and questionnaires were completed either by the caregivers of the participants or by the research assistance. The research assistant was nearby in either case to answer any questions that might arise by the caregivers when completing his/her form. The instructions provided to the caregivers indicated the questionnaires listing of the sixteen complementary therapies. The caregivers were to indicate any usage of them within the last six months and were asked would they be interested in using any of the listed complementary therapies in the future. Statistical analyses was used including how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time and expected values with standard deviations, were used to compare demographic variables, research use of pharmacological therapies for pain management between age groups, and evaluate pharmacologic/analgesic and complementary therapy use. Chi-square tests were done in the beginning of the study and carried through to completion comparing the demographic variables, scrutinized use of pharmacologic therapies for pain management between age groups, and compared use of pharmacologic and complementary therapies. The results of the most frequently used pain medication for children revealed a mean age of 9 years. The results indicated children using pain medications most frequently identified was ibuprofen (37. 5%), acetaminophen with codeine (32. 1%), and acetaminophen with oxycodone (14. 5%). Complementary and alternative medicine use among children as well as adults has increased in the last ten years. In the study, caregivers with a mean age of 33 years was 70% of the 63 caregivers identified as using some form of complementary therapy. African American mothers made up 79% of the predominant race of caregivers and (56. 9%) indicated an annual income less than $20,000. Sixty percent of caregivers had twelve years of education or less, and twenty-four percent reported at least 2 years of college education. Medicaid (76%) was the major source of coverage for the children, although 24% had private or other identifying insurance. Future studies should include investigating the safety and effectiveness of the most commonly used complementary therapies reported in this study as well as recognizing possible ways complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may be used effectively with pharmacologic therapies for pain management in children with Sickle cell disease in order to offer greater longevity and overall improved quality of life. Yoon and Black (2006), Jiles and Morris (2008) and Granados and Jacob (2009) all indicate the need for future studies in management of pain in the sickle cell disease patients. All studies indicate that the genetic disorder most commonly found in the African- American affects approximately 70,000 in the United States. This genetic disorder affects the red blood cells causing a stasis of sickle shaped erythrocytes, in which occlusion of the cells microcirculation, causing ischemia, and infarction. These recurring, unpredictable, intensified, and persistent painful episodes prevent stability and overall quality of life in the sickle cell disease patient and all authors indicate the need for future studies. The purpose of this review of literature is to identify all of the effective therapies of pain management for sickle cell disease patients. Whether the therapies used are complementary or alternative therapies vs. analgesic regimens. There must be future studies to seek out the answers for improved methods of pain treatment in order to improve the quality of life for the patients with sickle cell disease to exceed living past the age of forty-two with an increased zest and quality of life. References Granados, R. , Jacob, E. , (2009, May/June). Pain Experience in Hospitalized Adults with Sickle Cell Disease. Medsurg Nursing, 18 (3), 161-167,182. Jiles, V. M. , Morris, D. L. , (2009). Quality of Life of adult patients with sickle cell disease. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, Volume 21, 340-349. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1745-7599. 2009. 00416x Yoon, S. L. , Black, S. , (2006) Comprehensive, Integrative Management of Pain for Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Volume 12, Number 10, pp. 995-1001.

WEBER Surname Meaning and Family History

WEBER Surname Meaning and Family History Weber is an occupational surname given to one skilled in the ancient craft of weaving, from the from the Middle High German word wà «ber,  a derivative of weben, meaning to weave.  The Weber surname is sometimes Anglicized as Webber or Weaver. Weber is the 6th most common German surname. It is also frequently found as a  Czech, Hungarian, Polish or  Slovenian surname.  WEBB and  WEAVER are English variants of the name. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:  WEEBER, WEBBER, WEBERE, WEBERER, WAEBER, WEYBER, WEBERN, VON WEBER, VON WEBBER Famous People with the WEBER  Surname Max Weber  -  19th-century German sociologist and one of the founders of modern sociologyCarl Maria von Webber -  German composer, conductor, pianist and  guitaristConstanze Weber - wife of Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAlfred Weber - German economist, geographer and sociologistJohn Henry Weber - American fur trader and explorerJoseph Weber - American physicistLudwig Weber -  German Protestant pastor and social reformer- German-born physician, best known for first describing the brain condition which carries his name (Webers syndrome) Where is the WEBER Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, WEBER is the 3rd most common surname in Germany. It is also very common in Switzerland, where it ranks 7th, and Austria, where it is the 19th most prevalent last name. While Weber is common throughout Germany, WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates it is most frequent in southwestern Germany, in the regions of Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland and Hessen. Weber is also a very common surname in Gussing, Austria.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname WEBER Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Weber  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Weber  family crest or coat of arms for the Weber surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Weber Y-Chromosome DNA  Surname ProjectWEBERs from all over the world are participating in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Weber family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. WEBER  Family Genealogy ForumFree message board is focused on descendants of Weber  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - WEBER  GenealogyExplore over 5 million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Weber  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WEBER  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Weber  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - WEBER  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Weber. GeneaNet - Weber  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Weber  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Weber Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Weber  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Hormonal Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hormonal Disorders - Essay Example Also, patients with inherited defects of the body structures that produce steroid hormones, for example, hereditary adrenal hyperplasia and in particular those whose condition falls as inadequately controlled may have a high risk of adenomas. However, most adenomas do not link with an inherited sickness (Neil & Isaac, 2006). Even if adenoma stands as harmless, it has the potential to create severe health complications by compressing other structures through mass effect and by producing prodigious amounts of hormones in an unregulated, nonresponsive dependent behavior. This is referred to as paraneoplastic syndrome (Schwartz, 2002). The changes that occur in humans and cause adenoma are as follows: abnormality which comes as a result of excess production of hydrocortisone, a steroid hormone involved in reaction to stressing and energy steadiness. Adenomas that produce vast amounts of steroid hormones will cause clear symptoms. Huge amounts of hydrocortisone will cause Cushings conditions where too much mineral corticoid causes Conns conditions, and a surplus of male sex steroids creates unhealthy skin plus hair growth. Hardly ever hemorrhage can arise into adenomas and bring the pain in the flanks or back (Schwartz, 2002). Acromegaly refers to a condition that arises from the frontal pituitary gland when it produces excess growth hormones mostly at puberty (Neil & Isaac, 2006). A variety of disorders may increase the pituitarys hormone growth output, though most commonly it includes a hormone producing tumor referred to as pituitary adenoma, derived from a distinctive cell. It is true to say that the patient had acromegaly because of the symptoms the doctors found. The teenager at the age of 20 portrayed same symptoms of a person suffering from acromegaly. These symptoms stand as: enlarged hands and feet, severe headache, vision problem and

International Business Strategy IBS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Business Strategy IBS - Essay Example It is proved that using the first mover advantage a firm can increase its competitiveness but the full success of this practice cannot be guaranteed, even for firms that are already established in their market. 2. International Business Strategy 2.1 The concept of first mover advantage - overview In the context of international business the first mover advantage theory can be related to the work of Markusen (2002). According to the above theorist, trade relationships are likely to be influenced by geography, meaning that businesses that are interested in entering the global market tend to prefer the markets of neighbouring countries, probably because risks and costs involved are expected to be lower (Sitkin and Bowen 2013). For FDI also a similar practice is used. Under these terms, the development of international business is based on two, critical, factors: a) learning effects; this term is used for showing the transfer of knowledge between ‘the research and development secto r of each business and its other sectors/ departments’ (Sitkin and Bowen 2013, p.38); this strategy of knowledge transfer decreases risks since no external intervention on knowledge used for building business strategy can occur; b) the first mover advantage; the specific concept reflects the following idea: ‘the first firm to enter a new market and leverage its existing experiences is in a good position to shut out future rivals’ (Sitkin and Bowen 2013, p.38). According to the above, the first mover advantage involves in ‘introducing in the market a new product or service’ (Cullen and Parboteeah 2013, p.273). However, the benefits of the above concept are related to the following term: that the product/ service employed ‘is not only innovative but also comprehensive’ (Cullen and Parboteeah 2013, p.273). The term comprehensive is used for showing a product/ service that ‘meets the customers’ expectations’ (Cullen and P arboteeah 2013, p.273); only such product/ service would be able to result to profits. The concept of first mover advantage, as described above can be effectively used for developing a business strategy in regard not only to the international market but also to the local market (McDonald and Burton 2002). The terms of such use of the specific concept are described analytically in the next section. 2.2 The use of the concept of first mover advantage in formulating a business strategy In regard to the use of the concept of first mover advantage in practice the following fact should be highlighted: the specific concept can be incorporated in different business strategies, meaning that it can be used as the basis for developing business strategies of various formats, depending on the needs of each organization, the resources available and the conditions in the business environment (Cullen and Parboteeah 2013). Figure 1 – Franchising based on the first mover advantage – the oretical model (source: Michael 2013, p.62) The study of Michael (2003) refers to the use of the first mover advantage as part of a franchising strategy. The involvement of the specific concept in a franchising strategy should be based on certain rules; the relevant framework is presented

Job Description Of HR Manager Commerce Essay

Job Description Of HR Manager Commerce Essay See if this helpselse let me know The Human Resources Manager will be highly regarded with an excellent track record in his/her current environment. The successful candidate must be a strong, decisive, results oriented leader who can develop and manage relationships across the company and with a wide variety of partners based on trust, teamwork and knowledge. The following details specific responsibilities for this critical role: Serve as a key member advising business leadership team responsible for HR processes for Associates.   Function in an active and influential business advisory role with executives in order to drive business results   Leverage broader HR team resources to drive change in leadership organizational development, compensation and staffing.   Specific areas of focus over the next 12 24 months include: developing and implementing staffing and learning strategies, developing retention strategies, leadership and organizational development, talent planning, diversity, compensation management and delivery, performance management, workforce planning,, increasing associate satisfaction and engagement, build-out campus recruiting program.   Some travel will be required. Qualifications   Minimum of 6 years human resources experience   Preferable to have experience in two or more of the following areas: human resources management, organizational development/change management, process improvement (Six Sigma preferred), compensation, staffing.   Excellence in a client management model: mobilizing the best people and integrating the tools and processes required to meet the needs of the business   Business driven with strong financial acumen.   Strategic planning, complex problem resolution and general management expertise.   Outstanding communication and presentation skills.   High level of interpersonal skills and integrity; solid team player.   Ability to influence senior management, establish and maintain collaborative partnerships and provide thought leadership.   Ability to architect and drive change   Ability to lead in a global, matrixed environment Key Responsibilities of Manager HR:    Ã‚ ¶ Plan, develop and implement strategy for HR management and development (including recruitment and selection policy/practices, discipline, grievance, counselling, pay and conditions, contracts, training and development, succession planning, moral and motivation, culture and attitude development, performance appraisal and quality management issues)  Ã‚ ¶ Establish and maintain appropriate systems for measuring necessary aspects of HR development  Ã‚ ¶ Monitor, measure and report on HR issues, opportunities and development plans and achievement within agreed formats and timescales  Ã‚ ¶ Manage and develop direct reporting staff.  Ã‚ ¶ Manage and control departmental expenditure within agreed budgets.  Ã‚ ¶ Liaise with other functional / departmental head so as to understand all necessary aspects and needs of HR development, and to ensure they are fully informed of HR objectives, purpose and achievements.  Ã‚ ¶ Maintain awareness and knowledge of latest HR development theory and methods and provide suitable interpretation to directors, managers and staff within the organisation.  Ã‚ ¶ Contribute to the evaluation and development of HR strategy and performance in co-operation with the executive team.  Ã‚ ¶ Ensure activities meet with and integrate with organisational requirement for quality management, health and safety, legal requirement, environmental policies and general duty of care.  Ã‚ ¶ Audit and authenticate all documents related to legal, salary statements and distribution, policies etc.  Ã‚ ¶ Develop and Maintain healthy relation with Govt. and Non Govt. Organistions for better and fast functioning of organisation.  Ã‚ ¶ Plan for employees performance appraisal; develop tools for appraisal, job evaluation and development.  Ã‚ ¶ Plan and direct for Training of employee including senior managers, maintain contact with outside resources for training. How to Develop a Job Description The process of developing a job description helps you articulate the most important outcomes you need from an employee performing a particular job. A job description is also a communication tool that tells coworkers where their job leaves off and the job of another starts. A well-written job description tells an employee where their job fits within the overall department and the overall company. Job Descriptions: Why Effective Job Descriptions Make Good Business Sense Effectively developed, job descriptions are communication tools that are significant in your organizations success. Poorly written job descriptions, on the other hand, add to workplace confusion and hurt communication. Heres why effective job descriptions are so important. Job Specification A job specification describes the knowledge, skills, education, experience, and abilities you believe are essential to performing a particular job. The job specification is developed from the job analysis. Ideally, also developed from a detailed job description, the job specification describes the person you want to hire for a particular job. Learn more about the job specification. Job Specification Sample: Human Resources Director This sample job specification for a human resources director provides an example of a job specification. See a sample job specification for a human resources director that describes education, experience, characteristics, skills, knowledge, and an overview of the job requirements. Job Specification Sample: Marketing Manager This sample job specification for a marketing manager provides an example of a job specification. See this sample job specification for a marketing manager. Job Analysis A job analysis is the process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. You need as much data as possible to put together a job description, which is the frequent outcome of the job analysis. Job Description Job descriptions are written statements that describe the duties, responsibilities, most important contributions and outcomes needed from a position, required qualifications of candidates, and the reporting relationship of a particular job. Bio-Tech Job Descriptions These general, not detailed, job descriptions describe the jobs available in the emerging field of bio-technology. Sponsored Links Job Tasks for: Human Resources Manager Administer compensation, benefits and performance management systems, and safety and recreation programs. Identify staff vacancies and recruit, interview and select applicants. Allocate human resources, ensuring appropriate matches between personnel. Provide current and prospective employees with information about policies, job duties, working conditions, wages, opportunities for promotion and employee benefits. Perform difficult staffing duties, including dealing with understaffing, refereeing disputes, firing employees, and administering disciplinary procedures. Advise managers on organizational policy matters such as equal employment opportunity and sexual harassment, and recommend needed changes. Analyze and modify compensation and benefits policies to establish competitive programs and ensure compliance with legal requirements. Plan and conduct new employee orientation to foster positive attitude toward organizational objectives. Serve as a link between management and employees by handling questions, interpreting and administering contracts and helping resolve work-related problems. Plan, direct, supervise, and coordinate work activities of subordinates and staff relating to employment, compensation, labor relations, and employee relations. Analyze training needs to design employee development, language training and health and safety programs. Maintain records and compile statistical reports concerning personnel-related data such as hires, transfers, performance appraisals, and absenteeism rates. Analyze statistical data and reports to identify and determine causes of personnel problems and develop recommendations for improvement of organizations personnel policies and practices. Plan, organize, direct, control or coordinate the personnel, training, or labor relations activities of an organization. Conduct exit interviews to identify reasons for employee termination. Investigate and report on industrial accidents for insurance carriers. Represent organization at personnel-related hearings and investigations. Negotiate bargaining agreements and help interpret labor contracts. Prepare personnel forecast to project employment needs. Prepare and follow budgets for personnel operations. Develop, administer and evaluate applicant tests. Oversee the evaluation, classification and rating of occupations and job positions. Study legislation, arbitration decisions, and collective bargaining contracts to assess industry trends. Develop and/or administer special projects in areas such as pay equity, savings bond programs, day-care, and employee awards. Provide terminated employees with outplacement or relocation assistance. Contract with vendors to provide employee services, such as food service, transportation, or relocation service. Human Resource Manager Job Description Employees are the most important asset of any organization. The future of the firm depends on the performance of its employees. The role of a human resource manager is pivotal in managing the needs of the employees. Read on to know more about human resource managers job description, human resource managers duties and the requirements of a human resource manager. Human resource management refers to the coherent and strategic approach to understand the needs of the people working in a firm. Undoubtedly, the growth of a firm is totally based on the individual and the collective efforts of its workers.  Human resource management  evolved as a serious discipline in the business world when it was understood that employees are not mere business units, like machines and automobiles. Instead, they are a valuable human manpower and have personal, emotional and financial needs. Human beings are not uni-dimensional entities. Hence, human resource management was develoved to cultivate a positive work culture in the organization,  motivate employees, streamline the recruitment process and provide employee training. The dynamics of business have become more and more challenging in todays global economy. Employee retention is a crucial factor where the need of a human resource manager is vital. Also, the function of a human resource manager is to work in tandem with all the departments of a firm in order to monitor and decipher the needs of the employees. The human resource management department acts as a bridge between the CEO or the Managing Director of the company and the various branches like executive, administrative,  project management  teams and operations management. Human Resource Manager Job Description The job of a human resource manager presents challenges to tactically handle the human resource tools and help the firm attract talented people for the required job(s). Following are the major duties and functions of a human resource manager. Resource Hunting and Recruitment   The entire process of  recruitment  is monitored by the human resource manager. The human resource managers duties consist of job posting, hiring, conducting recruitment exams (if any) and interviewing. Other functions of a human resource manager are to maintain excellent professional relations with the educational institutions and recruitment agencies.   Coaching the Employees Training the employees is another important duty of a human resource manager. Why is training so essential? Well, every organization has its specific  organizational culture  and it is expected that the employees follow it. Induction and orientation lectures are the initial periods of training, wherein the employees get to know the work culture of the company. Icebreaker sessions, as we normally call them in the management terminology, help the employees feel comfortable and show active participation in training programs. Effective communication is a tool that the human resource manager can use to connect the workers and gel them as a team. The human resource manager can play a pivotal role in adopting the  six sigma  training programs. The principles of  change management  can be adequately applied to help the firm reap rich benefits. Motivation and Performance Appraisal Motivation is a key to trigger the performance of an employee. An average employee may turn into an outstanding performer on being motivated. A human resource manager conducts sessions and lectures that keep the employees aware about the growing competition in the market and the need to constantly upgrade the skills of the employees. Also, the performance of employees is constantly monitored over a monthly or yearly basis and rewards, gifts and prices are distributed for exceptional performances. The human resource manager also looks after the  performance appraisal  of the employees. Salary and Payroll Negotiations Though salary related issues are a responsibility of the accounts department of the firm, still, in the initial stages of recruitment, the human resource manager handles the salary issues of an employee. Since a human resource manager handles the recruitment process he/she is more aware about the ability, experience and skills of the employee, therefore, he/she can take better decisions about the salary of the worker. Generally, the HR department works in collaboration with the accounts department in salary related issues. Employee Satisfaction and Feedback Are the employees satisfied with the facilities of the firm? Are any issues that are causing an unrest among the employees? There may be differences in the ideas/opinions of the various employees. The principles of  conflict resolution  can be used to resolve differences among the employees. Mostly, human resource managers accept the feedback of the employees and this leads to an efficient management of the workers. Educational Requirements For a Human Resource Manager Are you aspiring for a career in human resource management? Well, this challenging field has a lot to offer you. Once you get in, new avenues open at every step. Generally, a graduate level degree in labor laws, social sciences, human resources and industrial laws is considered for entry level jobs in human resource management. Many firms look out for a fair amount of work experience before hiring HR managers. So, if you have a masters degree or an MBA in human resource management, then its better to spend 3-6 years taking a professional experience and then look for higher entry jobs. Even courses related to humanities, like public administration, psychology, sociology, political science, economics, and statistics are considered by many firms. With experience in this field one can climb the ladder of success gradually and soar great heights. Personality Traits of a Human Resource Manager The various personality traits needed to be an excellent human resource manager are as follows. Excellent communication skills and  leadership qualities Strong presentation abilities Must be a creative thinker and excellent team player Must be a good initiator and possess good  negotiation skills. Analyzing the job description of human resource manager must have given you an insight into the challenges and creativity of the different elements involved in human resource management. So, if you are planning a career in human resource management, make a note of the above points and then go for it! By  Kundan Pandey Human Resources Administrator Manager Purpose: The incumbent will be responsible for providing an effective and efficient human resource generalist function that is aligned with departmental and company strategic goals. The incumbent will be expected to successfully implement HR strategy and deliver customer service within the organization. The responsibilities will include inter alia strategic partnership and organisation design, recruitment and selection, employment equity, salary and benefits management, employee relations, talent retention, performance management, change management, diversity management, skills development, policies and procedures, HR reporting, BBBEE, HR projects and managing staff. Key Responsibility Areas: Recruitment and Selection Attract, retain and motivate staff. Manage the recruitment process and ensure candidates fit the role and company culture. Advertise vacancies, assess applications, interview applicants. Coordinate and manage the orientation of new employees, process probationary reviews, employee evaluations and terminations. Analyse the skills and qualities required for each particular job and develop job descriptions. Skills Development Identify training /skills / competency needs within the organisation. Coordinate career development, succession planning and talent management needs in partnership with line management. Submit the skills development plan within the prescribed timeframe. Identify skills shortages and where there is need to improve and inform management. Employment Equity Submit the Employment Equity Plans within specified timeframes to the Labour Department. Consult and give input into development of employment equity plans. Identify employment Equity quota requirements and advise on status of compliance to targets. Employee Relations Consult and advise management and staff on Labour relations issues. Ensure awareness on LRA, Basic conditions of Employment Act and all other labour legislation. Represent the company on CCMA Level (conciliation arbitration). BBBEE Implement and monitor compliance to company BEE strategy. Assume responsibility for the Companys social responsibility projects and manage the Social committee. HR Reporting and Administration Manage company payroll administration. Compile monthly management reports all on all key output areas of the position. Perform related duties as assigned by the Head of Finance Performance Management Manage the company performance management process (KPO). Custodian of effective performance management practices. Implement performance management / talent management initiatives. Ensure that performance management is standardized. Ensure that all employees are informed of and trained in the application of the performance management model and system. Monitoring, evaluating and reporting results. Change Management Lead programmes that are aimed at improving employee morale. Identify and analyse current organisational effectiveness. Initiate and implement organisational surveys. Policies and Procedures Develop, update and implement all HR policies and procedures. Budget Cost Management Drive HR related cost savings and manage HR budgets as set by executive management Core Competencies: Good planning, organisational, analytical and decision-making skills. Confidentiality, tact and discretion when dealing with people. Ability to train. Use Initiative. Professional approach. Excellent Administration Skills General Competencies: Excellent oral and written communication skills. People centric. Flexibility. Experience and Education: Degree/or Diploma in Human Resources Management and/or equivalent. Approximately 5 years experience as an HR generalist and minimum 3 years in an HR management role. Personal Characteristics: Excellent organisational skills. Attention to detail. Self driven. Good communicator. Good interpersonal skills. Positive outlook on life. Assertive nature. Logical thinker. High levels of initiative. Customer service orientated. Work independently, with a high degree of responsibility. Work well under pressure and to deadlines. Special Requirements: Regular and on time attendance. From time to time you will be required to work outside of normal working hours. Note: To perform this job successfully, the individual must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. The requirements listed above are representative of the knowledge; skill and or ability required and are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all duties and responsibilities associated with this job. You will be required to perform all reasonable duties assigned to you or related or incidental to the proper completion of your job tasks. During a colleagues leave of absence from the company or during month end or peak business periods, you may be required to perform other job tasks upon reasonable request from your line manager. Relocation costs (if applicable) will be for own account