The Reconstruction After The Civil War - 977 Words

As a country, America has gone through many political and governmental changes. Leaders have come and gone, all have different goals and objectives for the outcome of America’s future. As history takes its course, most of the most have the same ending of coming to an end to start something new. One such movement was the Reconstruction. Reconstruction was a time period between 1865 and 1877 following the Civil War, during which people of the United States worked to put the country back together again, introducing a new set of significant challenges. Though, like all things in life, it did come to an end, the resulting outcome had been labeled both a success and a failure. The Reconstruction after the Civil War consisted of failures as well as successes. Despite having the intentions of positively affecting the country, yet failing to do so, the National Government from 1865-1877 successfully integrated many positive changes. During this time the Reconstruction restored the Unit ed States as a unified nation: by 1877, all states acknowledged the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, used the Freedman’s Bureau and Civil Rights Act to help protect former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the war, and all of the former Confederate states drafted new constitutions reunifying the Union. In 1865 the Constitution declared that â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been dulyShow MoreRelatedReconstruction after the Civil War900 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Reading John Hope Franklin’s  Reconstruction after the Civil War  I have a completely new outlook on reconstruction. Some may say that this book, regardless of its historical contribution on Reconstruction, which it tries to demolish William Dunning’s myth of white supremacy. It is also has a very serious attempt to be fair and objective about a very controversial period when race, politics and ideology played a very different role in Society. It is precisely in Franklin’s abilityRead MoreThe Reconstruction of America after the Civil War1078 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War left a country divided not only by property lines and borders but by beliefs as well. Not just religious beliefs, moral beliefs also. It left both sides, north and south struggling, trying to figure out what their next move towards reuniting the divided America was going to be. The period following the end of the Civil War would become known as the â€Å"Reconstruction Era.† An era that raised just as many questions as it did answers. A reconstruction of America that seems to carry on manyRead MoreReconstruction After Civil War Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction Reconstruction was a period of time between 1865 and 1877, which was very complex and controversial. It refers to the actual rebuilding of the south physically, economically and politically from the damage of the Civil War. It was an effort to rebuild southern states and also to restore the Union. During this time period, the federal government passed a series of laws, acts and amendments to bring change. Many of these amendments guaranteed the equal rights to African-AmericansRead MoreEssay on Reconstruction After the Civil War934 Words   |  4 PagesThe period of Reconstruction began during the Civil War and ended in 1877. This era is known for the advancements made in favor of racial equality. These improvements included the fourteenth amendment (citizenship and equal protection under the law to blacks) and the fifteenth amendment (voting rights for blacks) of the Constitution. Yet, with the end of Reconstruction in 1877, the Republican Party lost control of the southern governments and the Democratic Party took over. This shift in power wasRead MoreReconstruction After the Civil War Essay665 Words   |  3 PagesReconstruction was the foremost goal for many after the civil war. Yet, various individuals and political parties held a plethora of contrasting beliefs concer ning how to face this reconstruction task. In terms of the Reconstruction, two ideas permeated the political field: who would have the authority to enact these changes and in what ways would national unity be accomplished. It is obvious that throughout this time the power held within the federal government would be challenged by southern stateRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era after the Civil War558 Words   |  2 Pages The Reconstruction Era The Reconstruction Era was looked upon with much optimism, considering that abolitionists and African Americans believed that this process would make it possible for them to achieve their goals. The project was generally meant to assist the South in reintegrating in the Union and in assisting African Americans to become equal to white individuals in the U.S. The Freedmen were apparently one of the main missions that the Reconstruction was designed for and it actually seemedRead MoreAmerican Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pages Reconstruction was a period of time after the Civil War (1865-1877) that was supposed to be the rebuilding of America. It was also the process used to readmit all the Confederate states back into the Union. There was controversy, however, on how to go about rebuilding the nation. Abraham Lincoln proposed a lenient plan. After he was assassinated, Andrew Johnson proposed a very similar plan. The Radical Republicans, a group of legislators that were in favor of freedmen’s rights, were opposedRead MoreReconstruction Policy after the Civil War Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesPost-civil war the torn nation juggles wide ranges of emotions as they attempt to piece together the shattered unity but didn’t know how to go about doing so. President Lincoln had great plans for the reconstruction but was killed before he could put them into action. He was murdered by John Booth at Ford Theater and passed the next morning. Lincoln’s Vice-president, Andrew Johnson, took ove r and became the new president. Johnson and Congress argued about how to go about the reconstruction and inRead MoreThe Problems of the Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the conclusion of America’s Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln pitched the idea of â€Å"Reconstruction,† which would bring the southern states back into the Union. President Lincoln, according to many radical Republicans, was too gentle on the south. The government was divided on how to solve the issue of readmitting the southern states back into the Union. In addition to that, the government was not certain on what rights to enumerate to the newly emancipated slaves. These issues became moreRead MoreThe Reconstruction Effort That Occurred After The Civil War1476 Words   |  6 Pages The Reconstruction effort that occurred after the Civil War from 1865 - 1866 had both positive and negative effects on the nation. Leading up to the Reconstruction attempt, there was developing regional differences between the North and South. Slavery was the issue of the decade. North argued that it was inhumane, while the South was quick to point out that many Northerners benefited from slavery. The Presidential election of Lincoln lead to the succession of the South. They believed that the United

Why Lower status groups have higher crime rates Free Essays

According to some sociologists, lower status groups have higher crime rates because they do not have access to legitimate means of achieving. This view is supported by sociologists such as Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin who believe members of the lower classes commit crime because they are not given the same opportunities to achieve as other members of society. However, this view could be disputed, as it is by sociologists such as Miller and Murray who believe other factors are involved such as the focal concerns. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Lower status groups have higher crime rates? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will assess the extent to which lower status groups commit crime because they are denied access to the legitimate means of achieving success. According to Cohen, lower class boys have the same success goals as the rest of society but have no opportunity to enjoy these goals. He believes that the lack of opportunity here is because of their educational failure and then their dead-end jobs. This could be supported by Willis’ ethnographic study on a number of ‘lads’ at school. This study showed that these boys had come to terms with the fact they were going to be stuck in dead end jobs as they did not achieve anything at school and therefore formed anti-school subcultures to deal with this. According to Cohen this amounts in status frustration as the individuals become frustrated that they cannot achieve anything and with their low status in society. Due to this, they turn their attentions to achieving through other means – crime, they reject the success goals of common culture and replace them with others as Merton described in his responses to cultural goals. This new found calling can help them to gain status and recognition, especially from their peers, albeit for the wrong reasons and thus a delinquent subculture is formed. It can be seen as a collective solution for all the problems faced by the lower classes. Cohen believes that â€Å"the delinquent subculture takes its norms from the larger culture but turns them upside down. † Thus, the subcultures are a negative reaction to a society that has denied opportunity some of its members. This would suggest that the members of lower status groups deviate because they are denied access to the normal routes of success and shows that because of this there is greater pressure on certain groups in society to deviate. Cloward and Ohlin follow the same path as Cohen, however they develop his ideas. According to them Cohen failed to look at the illegitimate opportunity structure. They believe that lower status groups are denied access to the legitimate means of achieving success; however an illegitimate route is available to them. This opportunity could come from the fact that in some areas there may be a high rate of adult crime and this means that there is access for adolescence to follow the same path; however in other areas this culture may not be present. According to Cloward and Ohlin areas with a high rate of organised adult crime creates a learning environment for younger generations, meaning the common norms and values in these areas are different from those who apply themselves to the legitimate opportunity structure and a criminal subculture is created. Conflict subcultures are created in areas where there is little opportunity for adolescence to achieve through the illegitimate opportunity structures. This means that there is no access to either legitimate or illegitimate opportunity structure. According to Cloward and Ohlin the response to this situation is usually gang violence as a means of reaching built up tension and frustration towards the lack of opportunity. Retreatist subcultures are also created by those who have failed to have access to illegitimate or legitimate opportunity structures, thus they retreat from society and enter a retreatist subculture. Thus, all of these subcultures are created because these people do not have access to the normal means of achieving success. Other sociologists however, believe that it is not the opportunity for success but other factors that influence lower class crime rates. Miller, who studied lower class subcultures in 1950s America, discovered that the subcultures were not formed because of the inability to achieve success, but because of the existence of distinctive lower class subcultures. According to Miller there are a number of long held cultural traditions followed and these differ to those of the higher strata. He believed that these traditions passed down from generation to generation actively encouraged lower class men to break the law. Miller believes that there are a number of focal concerns of the lower class. These focal concerns are toughness that involves trying to prove their masculinity; smartness, which involves trying to outsmart each other and excitement which involves having ‘fun’ which could involve alcohol, drugs, gambling and joy riding. According to Miller argues that delinquency is just the members of the lower strata acting out the focal concerns, if in a slightly exaggerated way! He believes that it has a lot to do with boredom of work and these focal concerns help them to live with the day-to-day boredom. Thus, the crime rates of the lower class are not because of the opportunities available to them but because of they have their own norms, values and traditions that are carried through from generation to generation. Murray also believes that it is not due to opportunity but believes in an under-class who are a group of either unemployed or unemployable people. He believes that this underclass share there own common norms and values and reject those of mainstream society. He believes that the welfare states are to blame as it means that people do not feel the need to work and can live of the state and reject the idea it is important to hold down a job, thus they turn to criminality. This means that he does not agree that crimes are committed because of the lack of opportunity, but more because of the opportunity to be given money from the state and not have to do anything. Stephen Jones also agrees that there us an underclass, but believes there are also number of side issues such as racial tension and gang warfare that helps to add to the crimes. This view could be supported by crimes in Britain such as the shootings of Letisha Shakespeare and Charlene Ellis in 2003. Overall, it can be said that there are a number of reasons as to why crime rates are high in the lower class. It could be because they are denied access to legitimate means of achieving success as they need to fine some way to succeed. However, it could also be due to the fact that learning environments are created and traditions are passed though the generations making it common and normal in the lower classes for crimes to be committed and normal for aspects such as racial tension to be a big part of life. Therefore, there it could be said that it is not just because of there is a lack of opportunity for members of the lower class, but because they already have there own norms and values of which t follow. How to cite Why Lower status groups have higher crime rates?, Papers

Get Gonzo Not Your Cuddly Blue Haired Journalism Essay Example For Students

Get Gonzo: Not Your Cuddly Blue Haired Journalism Essay Gonzo Journalism finds its roots in New Journalism but takes it to the extreme. And no one else can do it like Hunter S. Thompson can do it (Hart 1). It is hard to deny this cult author the credit that is due him after a work of journalism/ literature/ fantasy like Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the heart of the American Dream. It is a savage, twisted tale of two hard core drug abusers, one a journalist and the other, a lawyer. But remember, these are not fictional characters; they are real! This is a true story, to the Gonzo mind, of Hunter Thompson and his attorney, Oscar Zeta Acosta. They are sent into the Las Vegas scene to cover a story about the Mint 400, the richest off-road race for motorcycles and dune-buggies in the history of organized sport (Thompson 9). The race is never actually covered adequately enough to submit a story. The book is true. Gonzo is true. At one point while zooming through the desert in the Red Shark Th! ompson yells, This is important goddamnit! This is a true story! (Thompson 8). But what was the story? No one had bothered to say. So we would have to drum it up on our own. Free Enterprise. The American Dream. Horatio Alger gone mad on drugs in Las Vegas. Do it now: pure Gonzo journalism (Thompson 12). Gonzo? Is that some Boston word for weird? Gonzo journalism is everything that is good and pure in an event. Hunter S. Thompsons book, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, is the truest example of Gonzo journalism, a journalistic art. But the question still remains, what is Gonzo journalism? Gonzo is a no holds barred, first hand account of an event. It came about in 1970 when Thompson was facing a deadline on an article on the Kentucky Derby. He had no story so in a panic he tore out his notes and sent them to his editor, Bill Cordoza. Cordoza replied, this is it, this is pure Gonzo (Hart 3). And with that Gonzo was born. The reporter is the story and the reader feels as if they are riding shotgun (Hart 2). Gonzo is extremist New Journalism (Hart 1). It is unconventional from beginning to end. It is written in first person, has flares of fiction, and is the most extreme form of participatory journalism. Thompson himself once said, the true Gonzo reporter needs the talent of a master journalist, the eye of an artist/photographer and the heavy balls of an actor. Because the writer must be a participant in the scene.. . The eye and mind of the journalist would be functioning as a camera (Hart! 1). Typically in conventional journalism the writer tries to convey ideas and events in an unbiased and objective fashion. In Gonzo all objectivity is thrown out the window, like cocaine in the wind, and all biases are laid on the table. There is no secret where the journalist stands on issues and this is done because people are naturally biased. Reporters are especially biased because of their day to day involvement in issues. .. dont fight it, use it (Hart 2). Thompson feels like William Faulkner, in that the best work of fiction is far more true than any kind of journalism. Facts in Gonzo are important to stick to, but more like sticking to a big guy in a dark alley is safer. Gonzo is not safe and occasionally it is important to stretch the truth, exaggerate a situation, or blatantly fabricate to make a point that may have been over the readers head. .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 , .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .postImageUrl , .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 , .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29:hover , .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29:visited , .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29:active { border:0!important; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29:active , .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29 .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u202d963bad5811f8a3ff7b8ddd09ad29:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The King, Charles The First, Actions Were Legitimate, Under The Ideolo Essay In Gonzo the overall impact of the event is more important than just a telling of what went on. Many critics hav! e been divided on the use of truth versus facts. Is it okay to distort facts to ensure the truth is seen? In the Gonzo mentality, yes. Truth and facts are rarely found on the same page and the truths importance far outweighs any fact that may come up. In Fear and Loathing, Thompson deals with serious social and moral issues of 1971 America. He saw the .